Authors' names: Authors' names should always be Surname, Initial. Initial. e.g. Smith, L. M.
Editors' names: If you are referencing the whole book the editors' name should be Surname, Initial. Initial, e.g. Walker, S. J.
If however, you are referencing a chapter of an edited book the editors' name should be Initial. Initial. Surname. eg. In S. J. Walker (Ed.).
Italics: Only the book title should be in italics. If you are referencing a chapter in a book, the title of the chapter should not be in italics.
Capitalisation: The first letter of the first word of a title should be capitalized as should the first letter of the first word of any subtitle. Everything else should be in lower case unless it is a proper noun or an abbreviation that is always written in capitals.
Splitting a URL: If your URL needs to be split do not insert a hyphen. Break the URL before a punctuation mark. Do not add a full stop at the end of the URL as this may appear to be part of the URL and cause retrieval problems.
Secondary Sources: You can only reference information that you have actually seen. If that book or journal article quotes another piece of work that you also want to quote, you need to cite the information as a secondary citation.
For example, you read a book by Sandvoss, in which he paraphrases Taylor - "Taylor identifies hooliganism as a response to social control..."
If you have not read the item by Taylor you would reference the Sandvoss book. New to APA 7th, include the date of the original work.
Reference List
Sandvoss, C. (2003). A game of two halves: Football, television and globalization. Routledge.
In-text citation
Taylor (1971, as cited in Sandvoss, 2003, p. 2) identifies hooliganism as a response to social control.
OR .... one view is that hooliganism is a response to social control (Taylor, 1971, as cited in Sandvoss, 2003, p. 2)
Generative AI is a type of “third-party assistance” (like getting someone else to write your assignment for you, even a friend or family member). Therefore, submitting AI-generated material as your own original work without appropriate acknowledgement and contrary to any direction by teaching staff may be considered a form of plagiarism, and may constitute academic misconduct. If you are unsure, check how you should be using AI in each of your assessments with your teacher – what you are allowed to do, and what you are not allowed to do.
Long Footnote:
Footnote Number. Text generated by ChatGPT version number, OpenAI, Month Day, Year, Direct URL to ChatGPT prompt and response.
If you have not included your prompt in the body text of your assignment, add it to the footnote, using the following formatting:
Footnote Number. Response to “Full text of prompt,” ChatGPT version number, OpenAI, Month Day, Year.
Shortened Footnote:
Footnote Number. ChatGPT version number, Month Day, Year.
Or, if you included your prompt in your original footnote:
Footnote Number. ChatGPT, response to "First four words of prompt."
Referencing Chat GPT
In Chicago Referencing (18th ed.), you shouldn't include ChatGPT in your Reference List. However, you should mention it in your text AND add a footnote.
e.g. "The following guidelines were generated by ChatGPT2”
Long Footnote
2. Text generated by ChatGPT, April 28, 2023, Open AI, https://chat.openai.com/chat
NOTE: If you have edited the AI-generated text, say so.
e.g.
2. Text generated by ChatGPT, April 28, 2023, Open AI, https://chat.openai.com/chat. Edited for Style and Content
Referencing other AI tools
Long Footnote
1. Image generated by Midjourney, December 9, 2023, https://...
Shortened Footnote
2. Midjourney, December 9, 2023.
Long Footnote
1. Text generated by ChatGPT-3.5, Open AI, December 13, 2024, https://...
Shortened Footnote
2. ChatGPT-3.5, December 13, 2024.
Note: A prompt, if not included in a text may be added to the note.
Long Footnote
1. Response to "Create an image of ... using glass," Midjourney, December 9, 2023, http://...,
Shortened Footnote
2. Midjourney, response to "create an image of."
Long Footnote
1. Response to "summarise key issues related to.....," ChatGPT-3.5, Open AI, December 13, 2024, https://... edited for style and accuracy.