Authors' names :
Footnotes: All authors' names should be First Name, Initial, Surname e.g. Eliza T. Dresang.
Bibliography: First author should be inverted as Surname, First Name, Initial e.g. Burnett, Kathleen. Additional authors should be First Name, Initial,, Surname e.g. Burnett, Kathleen and Eliza T. Dresang.
Editors' names : If you are referencing the whole book, the format for the editors' names should be the same as for an author in both the footnote and the bibliography. If, however, you are referencing a chapter of an edited book the editor's name should be First Name, Initial, Surname. eg. edited by Paul M. Angle and Mary Stewart van Leeuwen
Italics : Only the book title should be in italics. If you are referencing a chapter in a book, the title of the chapter should not be in italics but should be surrounded by quote marks "....".
Capitalization : All major words in titles and subtitles should be capitalized.
Splitting a URL : If your URL needs to be split do not insert a hyphen. Break the URL before a punctuation mark. Do not add a full stop at the end of URL as this may appear to be part of the URL and cause retrieval problems. URL links should not be live/linked, though Word makes them so as a default (to avoid this right click on the live link and select "Remove Hyperlink".)
Long Footnotes & Shortened Footnotes
The referencing examples provided include a Long Footnote, a Shortened Footnote and a Bibliography entry.
The first time you cite a source (book, website, journal article etc.), you should use a Long Footnote.
Any subsequent times you cite that source, you can use a Short Footnote.
If you need assistance with Chicago referencing, please get in touch with the Learning Advisors team for help.
Referencing Conference Papers & Presentations
Paper, Poster or Powerpoint Slides presented at a conference accessed online
Long Footnote
1. Mike Austin and Ginny Pedlow, "Bi-Cultural Architecture," (paper, 5th Annual International Conference on Architecture, Athens, Greece, July 6-9 2015), https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/3291.
Shortened Footnote
2. Austin and Pedlow, "Bi-Cultural Architecture,".
Bibliography
(Note: If referencing a poster, use "poster", instead of "paper". If referencing Powerpoint slides, use "PowerPoint presentation" instead of "paper".)
Paper in a Proceedings or Book
Long Footnote
1. Annaliese Mirus, Yusef Patel, and Peter McPherson, "Pre-Fabrication: New Zealand's Golden Ticket?," in Meeting the Challenges of Higher Density: 52nd International Conference of The Architectural Science Association, ed. Priyadarsini Rajagopalan and Mary Andamon (Melbourne, Australia: The Architectural Science Association, 2018), 419. https://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/handle/10652/4550.
Shortened Footnote
2. Mirus, Patel and McPherson, "Pre-Fabrication," 419.
Bibliography
Paper in a Journal issue
Treat it like a journal article.
Referencing Class PowerPoint slides, lectures & course notes
Long Footnote
1. Annabel Pretty, "Maori Architecture," (PowerPoint presentation, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, April 19, 2019). https://moodle.unitec.ac.nz........
Shortened Footnote
2. Pretty, "Maori Architecture,".
Bibliography
Note: you can replace "Powerpoint presentation", with "Lecture" or "Course Notes".
Referencing Press Releases
Long Footnote
1. New Zealand Institute of Architects, "2018 New Zealand Architecture Awards Announced," news release, November 9, 2018, https://www.nzia.co.nz/media/5564032/2018-nz-architecture-awards-media-release.pdf.
Shortened Footnote
2. NZIA, "2018 New Zealand Architecture Awards.".
Bibliography
Referencing Unpublished Research Interviews
Unpublished interviews are best cited in text or in footnotes. They rarely appear in bibliographies/reference lists. Citations should include the names of both the person being interviewed and the interview, brief identifying information (if appropriate), and the place or date or the interview (or both, if known..)
"In an interview with the author in Auckland on March 19, 2019, Peter McPherson, Head of the School of Architecture at Unitec Institute of Technology, said...."
or
1. Peter McPherson (Head of the School of Architecture at Unitec Institute of Technology), in interview with the author, March, 19, 2019.
If you need to keep the names of your interviewers anonymous, you can do so, but you should explain why you need to do so (e.g. in your text, add a sentence "All interviews were conducted in confidentiality, and the names of interviewees are withheld by mutual agreement").
"In a discussion with a leading New Zealand architect, November 3, 2018...."
or
1. Interview with Leading New Zealand architect, November 3, 2018.
* For interviews published online (in print), see the 'Referencing Web pages' tab. For interviews published online (as a sound recording), follow the example for Podcast on the 'Referencing Audio Visual Materials' tab.
Referencing Chat GPT
Generative AI is a type of “third-party assistance” (like getting someone else to write your assignment for you, even a friend or family member). Therefore, submitting AI-generated material as your own original work without appropriate acknowledgement and contrary to any direction by teaching staff may be considered a form of plagiarism, and may constitute academic misconduct. If you are unsure, check how you should be using AI in each of your assessments with your teacher – what you are allowed to do, and what you are not allowed to do.
In Chicago Referencing (17th ed.), you shouldn't include ChatGPT in your Reference List. However, you should mention it in your text AND add a footnote.
e.g. "The following guidelines were generated by Chat GPT2”
Long Footnote
2. Text generated by ChatGPT, April 28, 2023, Open AI, https://chat.openai.com/chat
NOTE: If you have edited the AI-generated text, say so.
e.g.
2. Text generated by Chat GPT, April 28, 2023, Open AI, https://chat.openai.com/chat. Edited for Style and Content
Referencing Personal Communications
Personal communications (such as an e-mail or direct message) are included in the footnotes, but not in the bibliography. You may either work the information into the text or give it in a footnote:
"In an e-mail message to the author on December 13, 2013, Bin Su wrote that..."
or
1. Bin Su, e-mail message to author, December 13, 2013.
Please be aware of the following important note when using Chicago Referencing (17th ed.)
Note 1: Don't use Ibid in Chicago 17th
In Chicago 16th edition and earlier, it was ok to use Ibid (from the Latin ibidem meaning "in the same place") when you are citing a source that is the same as the immediate previous footnote. In Chicago 17th, this is discouraged. You should use a short footnote (The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed., section 14.34, 759).
Note 2: Don't use the 3-em dash for multiple works by one author
In Chicago 16th edition and earlier, it was ok to use a 3-em dash (------) in your Bibliography list if you had multiple works by one author. In Chicago 17th, you should not do this. Instead, you should list the author's name/s for all bibliography citation entries.