Chicago Referencing (17th ed.)

Why You Need to Reference

Staff and students of Unitec are responsible for acknowledging the sources they use when writing research articles, books, assignments and projects. You must acknowledge what you have read in order to avoid plagiarism, so that:

• readers of your work can find the original sources you used
• the authors/creators of the original sources you used are given credit for their work
• your own research and ideas are clearly evident and you are given credit for your work
• your work has credibility in the larger realm of scholarly knowledge

Following Chicago 17th style, there are two parts to acknowledging another's work within your own:

1. You use a footnote number in your text with details of the footnote at the bottom of that page.
2. You provide the complete information about the source at the end of your work in the form of a bibliography.

The School of Architecture at Unitec requires you to use Chicago Style 17th ed. for citations and references. Your lecturers will introduce you to Chicago referencing early in your studies.

Examples of citations and references using Chicago 17th Style are found in this guide. 

What is Plagiarism?

Unitec considers plagiarism a serious academic offence. Unitec's Student Disciplinary Statute 2020 (Appendix 1, section 3) defines plagiarism as "using others’ ideas or work and presenting these as one’s own without acknowledgement of the source".  This may include, but is not limited to:

1. copying or using any sentences, paragraphs, computer files or codes, multimedia, research data, creative products or website data that are the works of others without appropriate acknowledgement
2. closely paraphrasing sentences, paragraphs or themes of others without appropriate acknowledgement
3. using, summarising or extracting another person's concepts, experimental results or conclusions without appropriate acknowledgement
4. submitting material obtained from internet-based essay depositories or similar sources
5. use of others, paid or not, to research, write or present material submitted for assessment
6. submitting one's own previously assessed or published work for assessment or publication elsewhere, without appropriate acknowledgement and/or approval (e.g. submitting content from one assignment as part of another assignment, without approval)

Consequences of Plagiarism

If you are caught plagiarising, there are a range of disciplinary actions that can be taken against you, from an oral or written warning to being excluded from any Unitec programme of study.

How do I avoid plagiarism?

Take careful notes of where you find your information and always acknowledge the work of others, whether it be:

• selections of text
• quotations
• graphics
• tables
• figures
• graphs or diagrams

If you:

• regularly make photocopies from books or journal articles
• print out articles from databases, web pages
• scan graphs, diagrams, photographs, artwork

remember to note down the details you will need to cite the information in your assignment. The details you need may differ depending on what bibliographic style your department requires, but the minimal information to record should include:

• Who is responsible for the work eg. the author, designer
• The name of the work eg. a title
• When it was produced eg. the publishing date
• When you accessed the information eg. for material from the web

You may find it useful to use bibliographic management software like Mendeley or Zotero to manage your references and citations.  Talk to your Subject Librarian for more information on these options.