Referencing Audio-Visual Works
At the end of your assignment, essay, or project you are required to include a reference list containing the full details of each source. The list should be in alphabetical order and include the author/editor, date, title, and publication information. References over one line long should use a hanging indent to indent the second and following lines.
For how to handle multiple authors, see 'Referencing Books'
Physical Film (e.g. VHS/DVD)
(The director should be credited as the author of the film. If the director is not known, someone in a similar role can be credited instead (e.g. editor, producer)
Reference List
Wyver, J. (Director). (2012). Shakespeare's sonnets [Film]. Illuminations.
In-text citation (Wyver, 2012)
Reference List
Fosha, D. (Guest Expert), & Levenson, H. (Host). (2017). Accelerated experiential dynamic psychotherapy (AEDP) supervision. [Film]. American Psychological Association.
In-text citation (Fosha & Levenson, 2017)
(It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film (e.g. in a theatre, on DVD, streaming online). However, the format may be included when it is helpful to specify the version used (e.g. when the DVD version includes an extra commentary or outtakes or the Streaming). Extra notes go after the word "Film and a semi-colon in the square brackets).
Reference List
Taylor, S. (Director). (2010). Environmental sustainability in business a case study [Film; educational DVD with study notes]. Video Education Australasia.
In-text citation (Taylor, 2010)
Online Film
Reference List
Mills, T. (Director). (2006). Wai 262 [Film]. Tawera Productions. https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/wai-262
In-text citation (Mills, 2006)
(For videos on YouTube, Vimeo, TED Talks and webinars, see examples below)
YouTube, Vimeo or other Streaming videos
Reference List
Cambridge University. (2020, January 22). Improving flowers to help feed the world [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/4fgII_Z2x9c
In-text citation (Cambridge University, 2020)
Reference List
Brett. (2019, December 1). Capilano landscape architecture [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/376674893
In-text citation (Brett, 2019)
(The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author for retrievability, even if they did not create the work)
TED Talk
(When the TED Talk comes from TED's website, use the name of the speaker as the author).
Reference List
Ok, P. (2017, April). The magic of Khmer classical dance [Video]. TED Talks.
https://www.ted.com/talks/prumsodun_ok_the_magic_of_khmer_classical_dance
In-text citation (Ok, 2017)
(When the TED talk or webinar is on YouTube or Vimeo, list the owner of the YouTube account (usually TED) as the author to aid retrieval.)
Reference List
TED. (2016, April 7). Inside the mind of a master procrastinator [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/arj7oStGLkU
In-text citation (TED, 2016)
Webinar
For Webinars, follow the same pattern as for TED Talks. Instead of [Video], use [Webinar].
TV Series
Whole series
Reference List
Crane, D., Kauffman, M., & Bright, K. S. (Executive Producers). (1994-2004). Friends [TV series]. Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions; Warner Brothers Television.
In-text citation (Crane et al., 1994-2004)
Episode
Reference List
Ashton, P. (Director). (2020, May 4). Texas (Season 1, Episode 3) [TV series episode]. In Baldwin, D. (Executive Producer). Bradley Walsh & Son: Breaking Dad. Hungry Bear Media.
In-text citation (Ashton, 2020)
Authors' names : Use the Producer and the Director of a film in the place of the authors.
Dates of Films :Dates for films should be the date of first release, not when the video/DVD was published.
Italics : Only the film title or title of the CD-ROM should be in italics.
Capitalization : The first letter of the first word of a title should be capitalized as should the first letter of the first word of any subtitle. Everything else should be in lower case unless it is a proper noun or an abbreviation that is always written in capitals.